Biography of Fats Waller, Jazz Artist

A jazz pianist, performer, and composer, Fats Waller was born on May 21, 1904, in New York City. He achieved extraordinary fame as a jazz artist when the music form was still fledgling. He used comedy to appeal to the masses, writing hit songs such as Ain’t Misbehavin and appearing in the 1943 film Stormy Weather. By pairing his jazz music with a touch of slapstick, Waller became a household name.   Fast Facts: Fats Waller Full Name: Thomas Wright WallerOccupation: Jazz singer, songwriter, pianist, comedian  Born: May 21, 1904 in New York CityDied: December 15, 1943, in Kansas City, MissouriParents: The Rev. Edward Martin Waller and Adeline Locket Waller  Spouses: Edith Hatch, Anita Rutherford  Children: Thomas Waller Jr.,  Maurice Thomas Waller, Ronald Waller  Key Accomplishments: Wrote two Grammy Hall of Fame songs: Ain’t Misbehavin and Honeysuckle Rose.Famous Quote: Jazz isnt what you do; its how you do it. Early Years Fats Waller was born to the Rev. Edward Martin Waller, a trucker and pastor at Abyssinian Baptist Church, and Adeline Locket Waller, a musician. As a small boy, Waller already showed signs of promise as a musician, learning to play piano at age six. He’d go on to learn a number of other instruments, including the violin, reed organ, and string bass. Waller’s interest in music has, in part, been attributed to his mother, a church organ player and singer who introduced him to classical music. In addition, his grandfather, Adolph Waller, was a well-known Virginia violinist.   As Waller grew up, he became interested in jazz music, which his pastor father disapproved of, characterizing the art form as music from the Devils workshop. Having played the harmonium in church at age 10, Waller also took to playing piano for his school band. He was so focused on music that he even worked in a grocery store after school to pay for lessons. By the time he entered DeWitt Clinton High School, it was clear that jazz was his destiny. Although his father wanted him to follow in his footsteps and become a clergyman, Waller quit school in his mid-teens to become a professional organist, landing a steady gig at Harlem’s Lincoln Theatre. His mother’s death from a diabetes-related stroke in 1920 likely made it clear to Waller how he wanted to spend his life. American jazz musician Fats Waller smiles in front of a CBS radio microphone circa 1935. Hulton Archive / Getty Images Waller even found musical mentors, residing in the home of pianist Russell B.T. Brooks and becoming acquainted with James P. Johnson, known for innovating jazz piano’s stride sound, which took off on the East Coast and emphasized both improvisation and a variety of tempos.   Concentrate on the melody, Waller said of the stride sound. If its good, you dont have to shoot it out of a cannon. Jimmie Johnson taught me that. You got to hang onto the melody and never let it get boresome. His mother’s death was not the only reason 1920 marked a turning point for Waller. That year, he married his first wife, Edith Hatch. The couple welcomed son Thomas Waller Jr. the following year.   Jazz Career By 1922, Waller began recording his first Okeh Records tracks, including Muscle Shoals Blues and Birmingham Blues. As his professional life took off, his personal life experienced a setback when his wife divorced him in 1923. In 1924, the young musician’s first composition, Squeeze Me, made its debut. Two years later, Waller married his second wife, Anita Rutherford, with whom he’d have sons Maurice Thomas Waller, born in 1927, and Ronald Waller, born in 1928. Pianist Fats Waller (front Center) poses with Les Hite (front in white) and his orchestra along with club owner Frank Sebastian and The Creole Dancing Revue at Frank Sebastians New Cotton Club circa 1935 in Culver City, California. Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images During this time, Waller wrote and performed for revues, including 1927’s Keep Shufflin. He also forged a fruitful partnership with Andy Razaf, writing his hits Honeysuckle Rose and Ain’t Misbehavin with him. As the leader of Fats Waller and His Buddies, he recorded the tracks The Minor Drag and Harlem Fuss, and as a solo artist, he recorded Handful of Keys and Valentine Stomp.   Waller’s fame grew as he made his foray into radio, appearing on the New York City programs Paramount on Parade and Radio Roundup from 1930 to 1931. He then spent three years as a performer on the Cincinnati radio show Fats Wallers Rhythm Club, coming back to New York in 1934 to appear as a regular on theRhythm Club radio show. That year, he also launched the band Fats Waller and His Rhythm sextet, which went on to record hundreds of tracks, combining jazz with slapstick comedy. Waller managed to parlay his radio career into a film career, appearing in the movies Hooray for Love! and King of Burlesque, both of which debuted in 1935. In radio and film, alike, he used slapstick comedy for laughs, but he grew tired of being typecast. He was serious about his craft and wanted his fans to view him in the same way. In 1938, he recorded the complex composition London Suite in an effort to change public perception about his artistry.   Death and Legacy In the late 1940s, Waller traveled heavily, making cross-country trips from the East Coast to the West Coast for live performances and acting roles. In 1943, he headed to Los Angeles to appear in the film Stormy Weather, starring Lena Horne, Bill Robinson, and the Nicholas Brothers. That year, he also composed the music for the Broadway show Early to Bed, which featured a mostly white cast. Rarely, if ever, had an African American been hired to compose a white musical.   Title lobby card from the movie Stormy Weather (20th Century Fox).   John D. Kisch / Getty Images Waller took advantage of the many opportunities that came his way, but his frenzied schedule and long-time alcohol abuse began to affect his health. In late 1943, when he performed at a club called the Zanzibar Room in Santa Monica, California, he began to display symptoms of illness. After the gig, he boarded a New York-bound train to return home, but his health took a turn for the worst as he approached the Kansas City, Missouri, area. On December 15, 1943, the jazz legend died from bronchial pneumonia at the age of 39.   The politician, civil rights activist, and pastor Adam Clayton Powell Jr. eulogized Waller before an audience of more than 4,200 people in Harlem’s Abyssinian Baptist Church. Waller’s ashes were later scattered over Harlem.   Well after his death, the music of Fats Waller continues to live on, with two of his recordings—Aint Misbehavin and Honeysuckle Rose—inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1984 and 1999, respectively.  Waller has won a number of posthumous honors as well, including inductions into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970, the Big Band and Jazz Hall of Fame in 1989, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993. Moreover, the 1978 Broadway Musical â€Å"Aint Misbehavin† featured a number of Waller’s hits and opened again on Broadway a decade later after its original run of more than 1,600 performances.   Sources Calabrese, Anthony. â€Å"He Was the ‘Clown’ Prince of Jazz.† New York Times, May 7, 1978.Kremsky, Stuart. â€Å"Fats Waller - Biography.† Amoeba.com.

How Does The Stability And Instability Of Funding Shape...

How does the stability/instability of funding shape the nature of activities that international organizations choose to engage in? How has the trend of increasing extra-budgetary funds affected the general international climate on development (issues of competition, overlapping mandates etc.)? What are the implications of contract-based funding for the culture, institutional memory and staffing of international organizations? Introduction At the heart of the functional capability of every international organization (IO) is the issue of funding. Financial sustainability remains to be one the most important elements of IOs. While funding is critical to every IO, the source and the amount of funds has huge effects on the life of the†¦show more content†¦How the stability/instability of funding shape the nature of activities of international organizations The funding sources for IOs are not exactly the same. While some depend on regular budgetary contributions, others depend on voluntary contributions for the fulfillment of their mandates. In either ways, the flow of funds could be stable or not stable. The stability or instability of these funds could affect the nature of activities IOs choose to do in several ways: it could affect the execution of mandates, planning and timing of programs, and sustainability. First, the flow and availability of funds is the life blood of very IO. Even though every IO designs the nature and type program of activities based on its mandates for a given period, the implementation of such programs are dependent on the availability of funds. Thus, the timing of the program implementation is tied to the availability of funds. Programs with stable funds will be carried out on time and programs with delayed or no funds will be delayed in implementation or not carried out at all. Therefore, which programs to carry out and when to carry them out is dependent on the stability or instability of funds. Secondly, given the fact that the stability or instability of funds are dependent on donors, donors capitalize on it to control the types of activities that IOs engage in. Donors therefore attach

Microeconomics Analysis

Question: Explain Microeconomics Analysis? Answer: Introduction In a Euclidean space, the study of the powerful system called as theories of Equilibrium. Critical objects related to these are belongs to the stable system of the equilibrium and the study of such theories provides an answers to the various questions related with stability, number of equilibrium, existence and noticing the space of parameter example: Evolutionary Games. Besides all its impact, the formation and existence of the theories has increases the scope and use of the subject Math. In addition, the studies of the statistics are useful to solve the issues of number of equilibriums and its existence that uses the variety of the topology of algebra. In the middle of century 20s, the approach of geometry follows for the two theories of social study. It involves the variety of games theory and the equilibrium theory in general. The main concept of the economics is allocation of various effective resources that relates with the theory of the general equilibrium (Balasko,1978). A ma rket consists of agents and every agent having endowments in their starting stage and relate with the binary preferences over the commodities. They only involves in performing trade to satisfy the demand of the commodities. In return they earn price and use it on availing the commodities those satisfy their needs. At the time of given prices, starting endowments finds out the budget of the agents, that remains constraint. The equilibrium of the market is an involvement of the starting endowments that will enhance the preferences of the various agents as per the limited budget available (Lemke and Howson, 1964.). Walrasian equilibrium The origin of the general equilibrium theory was found in the 19th century when the base of an economic theory such as neo classic found by Walras. The major consideration of this is the allocation of commodities and resources effectively. There are two categories of commodities such as agents desires to get the commodities and they are scarcely available. As per the preferences of the individuals and their starting endowments with which they want to do trading and agents generates the demand of the consumption of commodities in bundles. Demand of the commodity and its scarcity leads to set the charges of the exchange of commodities. These rates of exchange of commodities expresses in the theory of price (Bnassy, 1986). At the available prices, starting endowments are available in the terms of the money that tries to find the wealth of the agents. Relate to their wealth, each agent wants to enhance their preferences within the constraint of budget. A pair of prices of commodities and endowments depleted i.e. total endowments equals to the total demand of agent known as Walrasian equilibrium. Effective use of all resources considers as the no waste and try allocate them to enhance the utilities of the individuals is the major concern of the Walras equilibrium.After one century later, it was assumed that both the formulations are important especially formation of the preferable relations (McKenzie, 1959). The walrasian equilibrium is the concept of the literature and results in a competitive result in the form of paradigm of allocation of resources. History and definitions In this preliminary of history, follow by the model of the exchange economies called as no production with the complete markets defined by the Arrow and Debreu in 1954 (AD). This model was successfully summaries and established. Exchange economics are relate with the commodities as K and with defined set of agents refer as N (Arrow and Debreu,1954). A vector x n Rk represents the consumption of the n agent and the negative quantities are term as representation of debts. A vector n R k denotes the starting endowment of an agent n. The space of endowments is à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦ = (R k) N. In the games, consumption of individuals in bundles may belong to the dimensional spaces at lower level. However, agents may be interested in consuming the different commodities in bundles (Codenotti, Saberiy, Varadarajanz and Ye, 2005). The space of consumption is embedding systematically in the Euclidean space for the sake of simplicity. A preference of every agent represents by the binary relation n over R k. This relation known as preordering linear that is transitive, reflexive and total continuing, strict and monotonic convex. It is assumes that any such preference represents by only continuous and strict concave function in utility i.e. u n: R k R. Define Mechanism Walras formed the concept of equilibrium and he discarded from the existed issues. He still has to give an idea of interaction about the prices of the commodities in the market. He brought the mechanism that was a game among the players of the market and plays against the auctioneer. Such players called as fictitious players having the sense of invisibility hand of the market (Demichelis and Germano,2001). It is clear through the details of the mechanism of tatonnement and found in UZ. Roughly WEE is the set of points of the system that is stable and dynamic shows as P=Z(P). Let all the prices of the commodities get normal to the K-1a nd considers all the below mechanism. The auctioneer announce the vector of price, Every agent announce f n (p,p n ) n; Also, announce the vector of new price (p) where; (Source: David Echeverry Beneficiario,2007) The above formulates the existence of the problem and provides the solution for (p)= p uses the theorem of fixed point through browser and gives a benefit to normal the prices of the commodities to the compact space (Border, 1985). The stable points of the powerful system being specifically equilibrium of walras ((p) = p if and only if Ëâ„ ¢ (p) = 0), it leads and shows equilibrium. It is clear from the above that the mechanism totally depends on the neutral demand combined an agent or no such agent available in the market. A mechanism explains the work of the market that is yet to give. Structure of Equilibrium Model by Arrow and Devreu formulated there only where the commodities space is in finite numbers or in infinite dimension. It is clear through the model that how the various techniques are involved in giving the solution of the model having finite dimensions can extend towards the infinite dimension (Echeverry, Geometr Ä ±a,2005). Let the details about this are describe with the help of a manifold by Euclidean. A different manifold X with a n dimension is the subset of the Euclidean space that is diffeomorphic at local level represents as Rn. The derivative of such parametrisation another name of diffeomorphic around the point xX states the transformation in linear form whose image reflects like a tangent plane as x, T x (X) (Kehoe, 1995). It is describes by taking an example of theorem: assume X and Y are the manifolds with the dimensions of K and L where KL; Let F= X-Y be as submersion with X. So, existed parametrisations x =(x 1 ,...,x k ) and f(x)=(x 1 ,...,x l ) around x and f(x) such that f(x 1 ,...,x k )=(x 1 ,...,x l ). Else, in another way, f is same to the submersion canonically (x 1 ,...,x l ,...,x k ) 7 (x 1 ,...,x l ). It says that x is a single point of f if f is not the submersion at local level in x and y Y is a regular value of f it is not the reflection of the f as singular point (Debreu, 1970). Global Structure The manifold of equilibrium is diffeomorphic to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦=R k(]N), it shows one of the theorem proves the structure. The endowments space is R k(]N) that states WEE is diffeomorphic to the endowment space (Giraud, 2003.). A below theorem shows the degree of topology and the number of equilibrium. If a regular exist then a isomorphism of finite dimension is d (p,) represents as an invertible matrix. A degree of a browser defined as deg (,) = sign |d (p,) | (p,) 1 () It is constant connected with different components of WEE. Thus, it is defined deg C (f) connected over components as the domain C Theorem: Let X and Y are the manifolds having identical dimensions but without boundaries. With it at the same time, X get connect and let f= X- Y work as proper function. If deg X (f) 0; it follows f is surjective. X is connect and defines the deg X (f). Being a proper function, it defines sign |d f x | for a given Y. Now, if f is not consider as surjective then yY exist, such as f 1 (y)= / 0 and xf 1 (y) sign |d f x | = 0. It proves that the vector of the price is connects with the pareto optimum which is found unique and different. It is connect with the restrictions of to T as a bijection and diffeomorphism (Ghosal Polemarchakis, 1994). With the conditions of the demand functions, it proves that pareto optima are the allocations of equilibrium at regular level. Hence, the outcome is deg P () = 1. The pareto optimum founds unique and yields that d () is consider as 1 or minus 1 at P. It all depends on the chosen coordinates for the manifold. Regarding this, a positive orie ntation can always be chose to give the guarantee of degree C () =1; where c is the component that connects with P though, p not use here but proves as a component of WEE. It leaves to enhance the result of the complete manifold (Guillemin and Pollack, 2000). Complete information with manifold of Nash equilibrium A given finite number of players refer as N and there are strategies involve a set of S n of k n N and players refer as n N chosen from this. All strategies are of different size. So, we will take every size of strategy in our consideration embedded in R k where k = max {k n | n N}. a profile of each strategy is connected with the vector RN whose manages to pay the payout to every player. Thus, it defines the game normally as parameterized through its structure of payout represents as = R S for S = nN Sn. To continue the random strategy or play a different strategy with a equal distribution. This strategy will consider as n for a player to be a vector n n:= à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  (R k), the simplicity of the distributional probability i.e. over R k. A pure strategy Sn for player n can recognize to a unit of vector (Hurwicz, 2011). A profile of strategy is a component i.e. = ( 1 ,..., N ):= (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  (R k )) N. All profits of mixed strategies are pays off with a hull S in shap e of convex. However, they try not to span the hull in the shape of convex, since no players connect themselves with the mixed strategies. Therefore, they cannot reach all combinations in the form of convex. Thus, a subset of finite number of dimension of Euclidean space is . In a game of non-cooperation, players try to find out their own actions but do not want to affect the other players. They only want to solve the optimization issues because solutions are the main concept of the game theory that is Nash Equilibrium (Kohlberg and Mertens,2001. ). Structure of set of equilibrium Let defines as the constraint given to the natural projects : to NE. The structure of the set of equilibrium describes clearly with the help of a theorem. NE is a homeomorphic to shows with the help of below diagram. This theorem shows and proves that NE and are indifferent topologies those are undistinguishable. It is because of the homeomorphic called as bijection. Here, the theory states the equilibriums existence (Koray, 2000.). The result of the latter proves by John Nash in 1950. Use the theorem of the fixed point as a continuous function for defining the correspondence reply. It is proved that n is a set of S n Sn pay off matrices as G s,tn which shall be as It decomposes the game into a residual and the sum part as zero. It defines as a pure strategy s n S n The above value is continuously on E that shows the continuity of the function describes by It finally shows that Z is invertible and it continues as inverse. Lets define this, v n = min { R : sSn (z ns ) + 1} as a equilibrium payoff of player 1. Since the number of finite number of strategies and the function of payoff represents by the function in a linear form. This theorem shows all possibilities to set the dimensional spaces in finite numbers and depends heavily on the structure in the form of linear to payoff. An extension of the theorem uses to pay off the non-linear functions and will shows below (Myerson, 1999). Extension of the structure Theorem The constraint type of framework has been considered for the set of strategy to define the combinations of the convex of finite number of points as . S R n is given such as S n, mappings like S-R represent by the function in a linear form as Rn. . The time when restriction like polyhedral impose on strategies the only connect with the functions performs to payoff in the linear forms. Structure known as Polyhedral is essential assumption as a proof of the theorems structure (Predtetchinski ,2006.). A huge class of functions relate with payoffs consider as a topology of space such as complexity gain by the functions. A set of strategies are not called as polyhedral. It is consider as compact and convex set as X n R k instead of S n . Now, a set of continuous and concave functions of player perform differently as n as own strategy. It is assumed that this equation = nN n relate with the open technology in compact form as C1. It is find out by the sets like {u n n | u n (x) E and du n (x n ,n n ) E x C} For open sets is E R, E R and closed one is as C R k The graphs represents the correspondence of the Nash is the set of point as NE. Points involves are (g,)X; where, is a games equilibrium of Nash. Different topologys viewpoint It describes the different and unique concepts of the topology with the help of the theorem. Let a compress manifold show as M R m and a soft field of vector represents as W on M with an inaccessible zero. It shows by all the points available at the boundary or an outward. The sum indices at zero level of W equal to the Euler (Gale, 1955). (M) =mi=0 (1) i rank H i (M), where; Hi (M) as ith group of homology of M. This result in the unique topology in the depth, though it is not reach towards the index concept. It is describe in the same way like mapping to the fields of vector. The statement mentioned below help in establishing the relation in between it and the degree of a browser as defined above in a same way. Lemma: Index of w at a same level zero as x M is 1 or -1 as per the determinant of dw x in the form of negative and positive. Nash and Walrasian Equilibrium After hundred years of general theory of equilibrium, Theory of game was developed. Then in a competitive situation, examination had done of a rationale choice through the theory of general equilibrium. The need arouse for initiating an analysis to the framework goes out of the boundary of a structure of prices and commodities. All major contributions are made by the concepts of Von Neumann, Cournot, Borel and Morgenstern like strategy and its independence with expectation of maximization (Svensson, 2003.). Reformulation of Von Neumann in the form of games plays normally and his existence of result describes about the theory of game as study in present times. He shows all the scope of this element for analyzing the cooperative situation in the structure of the games such as non-co-operative. The path of this games theory runs normal helps in taking decisions rationally by the distance maintain from the set of the game theory in general. Implementation of walras as Nash equilibrium A relationship builds up in between an effective allocation and the optimum strategy describe with the proper understanding of it and had been arrived by the equilibrium of the Nash and the market. The mechanism of the market seen through mapping of actions taken from trade to price of the commodities where, mapping is consider as a institute that makes the new relations. The main question arises that how the mechanism of the market implement like a equilibrium of the game of a connected market (Nash, 1950). Sometimes, it shows all negative outcomes of certain allocations by following the non-cooperative games. Later, all the results are aim with the conditions available at limited game mechanism so that the outcome of the Nash is effective. However, a general effective allocation is strategic response. There is less effective equilibrium of Nash. Example the presence of Nash equilibrium is in form of generic. Approaches to the strategic market There are two main approaches for the games of strategic market- In post mechanism there is no price taking in the trade The aim of giving the mechanism of such market is without the availability of a auctioneer. Suppose, commodity relate with K and the previous one is use as the regular numeraire. Every commodity trade as j=1,...,k1 that shows it against the money at the post trading jth. A strategy of the player involves a pair of (q n j ,b n j ) R 2 + shows the player as n and offer him a commodity as j and does bidding for the unit of the commodity (Shapley Shubik, 1972.). The strategies followed in this area use as the signals. The credit impose on such signals shows the normal constraints at the time of offer the commodity as q n n. it is consider as a initial endowment for the n player and refer as j=1k-1 bnj kn at the time of bid. Player name as n with the set of his strategy is With the purpose of post working in the trade, the supply of money available at the time of post trading as jth ahs the equality in the prices of the commodities by j times as the aggregate supply of the commodities. It shows the price of the commodity as j stated by- By sum up all the assumptions x/0=0. All the players allocation at final level is- So, the final balance of the available money is- This model emphasis the auctioneer to turn into k trade like post administrators. However, most of the limitations are there with this model and in the market, where the object for exchanging are same as there is no natural numeraire Uzawa, 2010). If a post for trading is consider for doing the trade of commodity i against the another commodity j. so the liberal post of trading as i and j may lead to inconsistent type of price as p ij p ji 6 not equals to 1. Efficient equilibrium Behavior of taking prices is the main assumption for the effective equilibrium of Nash in the framework of a general equilibrium. When the agent influences the strategies increases the prices of the commodity taken into the main consideration (Todd, 1970). A space of uniform agents will enhance the expected results. It is consider as the property of a price of an individual commodity having the power to bring necessary changes results in slowing down the number or strength of agents. This type of corresponds shows the core of an economy. Implementation of Walrasian equilibrium by the games A game involves atleast two players parametrised through the A and B matrices for paying off the players. These payoffs represents as I and II respectively. I follow different and various strategies and II has many, these matrices have different dimensions n X m. It notices that Nash equilibrium computed same as computing the LCP1. It represents as non- negative w not equal to 0 and non-negative is Z. Such that Hw+z = 1; w T z = 0, where; Conclusion The concept of the equilibrium of Nash changes the thoughts of the individuals for economics. It is not only the outcomes those are openly used and developed in such shape where the interaction procedure is constructed or modeled and understands the behavior of humans. In relation with a economic theory considering the general equilibrium with an interest in forming the prices of the commodities (Debreu, 1951). A theory of general equilibrium mentions the points of a system that is powerful and does not describe the mechanism establishing the different prices. It shows the multiplicity of the prices and a theory of a game seems to give an answer describing that how hands those are not visible works with the refinement of the Walras equilibrium. A different approach is followed in both the case. In the mapping of a constant zero, a natural projection with a degree at topology helps in studying and understanding the presence of equilibrium (Minelli Polemarchakis, 1995). References Arrow. KJ and Debreu. G,1954. Existence of an equilibrium for a competitive economy. Econometrica. Vol. 22. pp. 265-290. Balasko. Y,1978. Economic equilibrium and catastrophe theory:an introduction. Econometrica, Vol. 46, No. 3. May . Bnassy. JP, 1986. On Competitive Market Mechanisms. Economet-rica, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 95-108. Jan. Border.K, 1985. Fixed points theorems with applications to Economics and Game theory. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. Codenotti. B, Saberiy. A, Varadarajanz. K and Ye. Y, 2005. Leon-tief Economies Encode Nonzero Sum Two-Player Games. Elec-tronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Report No.5. Debreu. G, 1951. The coefficient of resource utilization. Econometrica. 19. 273292. Debreu. G, 1970. Economies with a finite set of equilibria. Econometrica. 38. 387392 Demichelis. S and Germano. F,2001 .On the Indices of Zeros of Nash Fields. Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 94, pp. 192-217. Echeverry. D, Geometr Ä ±a,2005. de la variedad de equilibrio: de laseconom Ä ±as finitas a las infinitas. Bogot: Uniandes. Gale. D, 1955. The Law of supply and demand. Mathematics Scandinavica,3.155-169 Giraud. G, 2003. Strategic market games: an introduction. Journal of Mathematical Economics 39 355-375. Ghosal. S Polemarchakis. HM, 1994. Exchange and optimality. Discussion Paper no. 9472. CORE. Universite Catholique de Louvain. Belgium. Guillemin.V and Pollack. A, 2000. Differential topology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. c1974. Hurwicz. L, 2011. On Allocations Attainable through Nash Equili-bria. Journal of Economic Theory, 21: 140-165. Kehoe .T, 1995. The Existence, stability and the uniqueness of Economic Equilibria. Presented at the school celebration at Yale. Kohlberg. E and Mertens. JF,2001. On the Strategic Stability of Equilibria. Econometrica, Vol. 54. No. 5. pp. 1003-1037. Koray. S, 2000. Self-selective social functions verify Arrow and Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorems. Econometrica, 68: 981-996. Lemke.CE and Howson. JT, 1964. Equilibrium points of Bitmatrix Games. SIAM j.Appl.Math. 12, 413-423. McKenzie. L, 1954. Equilibrium in Grahams model . Econometrica. 22, 147161. McKenzie. L, 1959. On the existence of general equilibrium for a competitive market. Econometrica. 27. 5471 Minelli. E Polemarchakis. HM, 1995. Information at a competitive equilibrium. Discussion Paper No. 9584, CORE. Universite Catholique de Louvain. Louvain la Neuve. Belgium. Myerson. R, 1999. Nash equilibrium and the history of economic theory. Journal of Economic Literature, 36: 1067-1082. Nash. J, 1950. Equilibrium points in n-person games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA). 36, 4849. Pigou. AC, 1947. A Study in Public Finance. London: Macmillan. Predtetchinski. A,2006. A General Structure Theorem for the Nash Equilibrium Correspondence. Maastricht University Research Memoranda. 010. Feb. Shapley. L Shubik. M, 1972. Trade using one commodity as means of payment. Journal of Political Economy. 85. 937968 Svensson. LG, 2003. Nash Implementation of Competitive Equilibria in a Model with Indivisible commodities. Econometrica. Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 869-877. May. Todd. M, 1970. A Note on computing Equillibria in Economics with Activity analysis Models of Production. Journal of Mathematical economics, 6. 135-144. Uzawa. H, 2010. Walras Ttonnement in the Theory of Exchange.The Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 27. No. 3. pp. 182-194.June. Walras. L, 1950. Elements dEconomie Politique Pure. Paris: Pichon et DurandAuzias.

Rice University Supplemental Essay Examples

Did you know Rice University is ranked number one for the happiest students? In fact, one of their supplemental essays is to get to know the students. Rice University Supplemental Essay Prompt: The quality of rices academic life and the residential college system are heavily influenced by the unique life experiences and cultural traditions each student brings. what personal perspective would you contribute to life at rice? (500 word limit) Not sure how to approach it? Here are 4 essay example excerpts from students who were accepted to Rice: Ssen2019 Rice University ‘19 I only use my Jamaican impression to break the ice. Then, on subsequent days, I will pull out another international accent. I master accents with the help of my guru, Youtube, and then try them out in public stores to give them a societal stamp of approval. I have been relatively successful, except the time I was asked if I was on something. I can assure you that I was on the ground. View more. Welcometohel Rice University ‘19 While most of my friends went on vacations or picked up research internships at local universities, I spent my last two summers surrounded by pool water. This wasn’t particularly new: I’ve been a competitive swimmer since the age of five, but what really made my perfume of chlorine worth it was when I finally got a real job. Keep reading. Jessy Feng Rice University ‘20 Asian students are a model minority stereotyped as hardworking students who only study, in an endless bid for personal gain. Although I am of Chinese descent, and I am hardworking, I am certainly not in it to win it all for myself. I realize as a middle-class American, I’m better off economically than 99.5% of people on the planet. That is sheer luck! I am grateful for all of it, and I am looking to use my skills and honed abilities, that I will refine or acquire from Rice, to give back. Read more. LZha97 Columbia University ‘20 The smooth black ink seeped from my brush into the velvety rice paper, as if I was pouring energy into my painting, giving it the ingredients to come to life. Concentrate and breathe. With Chinese brush painting, there are no second chances. Before the hairs of the brush even came into contact with the surface, my mind already envisioned the stroke, giving my motions fluid confidence and resolution upon application to the paper. Like stiff bamboo stems, my brush had to be strong and firm. Or like soft, silky petals of an orchid, my brush had to be supple and tender. A single drop of water in excess could cause the paint to bloom across the paper in a spiteful stain, ruining the focus and vitality of the painting. Read full essay.-Interested in reading these students full personal statements, and their Rice supplemental essay? Unlock all of them in one go withour curated package!Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your d ream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

Mc Donalds Business Report Essays - Food And Drink, Fast Food

Mc Donalds Business Report Essays - Food And Drink, Fast Food Mc Donalds Business Report McDonald's INTRODUCTION: McDonald's Corporation is the world's leading food service organization. The corporation started out as a small drive-through in 1948 by two brothers, Dick and Mac McDonald. Raymond Albert Kroc, a salesman, saw a great opportunity in this market and advised Dick and Mac to expand their operation and open new restaurants. In 1961 Kroc bought out the McDonald brothers. By 1967 McDonalds expanded its operations to countries outside the U.S.A. This unyielding expansion led the Corporation to open 23,000 McDonald's restaurants in 110 countries in 1994, producing $3.4 bn in annual revenues. In addition, McDonald's opens a new restaurant every three hours. Also, McDonald's has twice the market share of its closest U.S. competitor, Burger King, representing 7% of total U.S. eating-out sales. Similarly, McDonald's serves about 1% of the world's population on any given day through its 23,000 restaurants internationally. Big Mac, the world's most sold hamburger was developed by Jim Delligutti in 1967 to feed construction workers. 'Big Mac' is the biggest attraction and backbone of the corporation. Moreover, McDonald's maintains its competitive advantage by constantly creating new items to add onto its menu. This shows us that McDonald's practices an analyzer type of strategy, introducing new items and defending its existing ones. McDONALD'S MISSION AND VISION: We serve people with good quality food, fast and at low cost. McDonald's vision is to dominate the global food-service industry. Global dominance means setting the performance standard for customer satisfaction and increases market share and profitability through successfully implementing our convenience, value and execution strategies. THESIS STATEMENT: To have a clear picture of McDonald's corporation we need to look at its Task Environment, which includes its: .Customers .Competitors .Strategic Allies .Suppliers .Regulators We shall also explore McDonald's Workforce Diversity and its Total Quality Management. CUSTOMERS: Customers are those who pay money to acquire an organization's goods or services. For many years McDonald's mostly targeted the young people, however this has changed in this decade; McDonald's has turned towards a more general market. By doing this McDonald's concentrates on the family, targeting a diverse market which includes consumers ranging from children to elderly people, using products such as the happy Meal for children and Egg McMuffin for the elderly. McDonald's also realized the changing world we live in and the need for healthier food, since there is an ever changing demographic group, who demand fast, top quality food that is low in calories. McDonald's responded to this opportunity and introduced a new and innovative product. This new product was a regular hamburger that tasted like the real thing but was made of plant material like Soya beans. This same product also targets another demographic group, vegetarians. McDonald's mostly uses psychographic segmentation targeting the working and middle classes. These are the people that are more susceptible to enter a fast food restaurant, since these are the people that lead a fast moving life and thus require a fast meal. In brief McDonald's customers are of all classes, but largely working and middle classes, and people of all ages. COMPETITORS: A competitor is an organization that competes with other organizations for

Building My Faith in God Essay Example

Building My Faith in God Essay Example Building My Faith in God Essay Building My Faith in God Essay I grew up in a Catholic family where I was taught how to live with my belief in God. I also evolved it in a community having a good tradition of faith. Obviously, I have that faith in my mind like a custom without any doubts, or actually, I did not know if I felt dubitative or not. Similarly many other children in the community, I had to go to the church every Sunday to hearing and studying the Bible. I also was taught to believe in God, and everything He has done in my life. Although doing all of this in my whole childhood, I did not trust in Him too much. Whether God existed or not, it didn’t matter to me. After having gone far to studying, I had to face with many things affecting on what I had learned about my faith. When knowing about Darwins evolution theory, showing we were not created by God but by a natural selection, I totally did not agree with it. I, even so, were confused and felt doubt about my faith after facing with many questions were set up to me. Nonetheless, when I have been confronting with many problems in my life, and when I could not find anyone consoling me, then the finally one I always think is God. When I also have felt impasse with my decisions, the last one I think is God. Even though always finally thinking about Him, I constantly feel comfort after talking to Him. I, moreover, feel peaceful every time I come to see Him although not really an ethical person. Whenever I come to see and pray with Him, I just simply sit there and look at Him to think about my problems and let Him leads me. From Him spreading out a power to relieve all my troubles, and it makes me feel better. I have learned my life is always better when I am living in line with God. All my trials are easier with him by my side. It is not my natural state to be peaceful in a stressful time, but anytime I slow down and quiet down, I feel His hand is reaching out and handing me blessings even in my darkness time. Nevertheless, not all the t

In group we shrink Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

In group we shrink - Essay Example I am proud to be part of that minority. I have been through plentiful experiences in my own life in which I have experienced the phenomenon of â€Å"diffusion of responsibility† in the people’s behavior. I have myself displayed this kind of behavior over a few occasions early in my life. However, it was a very bad feeling that I carried with myself later on when I reflected back on those experiences. I felt like guilty for not having done something about those incidents while I could. Probably, it was the very realization that changed my behavior towards such incidents for the better, so that now, when I am part of a group, and something odd happens in front of me, my response to the situation is hardly any different from what it would have been had I been alone. During my childhood, I saw a little puppy with a broken and bleeding leg limping an moaning aside the road. It had probably been caught in some accident and was bleeding badly. Just from the look of it, I felt so pity for the little puppy. I wish somebody could take care of that, and I actually waited for that to happen. At that time, I was holding my mother’s hand, waiting to cross the road to reach the school. I was in a hurry anyway, though I have not been able to convince myself ever since that I could not spare a minute or two for the puppy. I saw people seeing that puppy, pointing their fingers at it, and passing by as they watched it. The image of that bleeding puppy was carved in my memory, and I felt bad about not doing anything about that. Probably, only if I had washed its leg with the water in my bottle and wrapped my handkerchief around its leg, I would have felt satisfied. While I always regretted not doing anything in this particular incident, this reflection and realization did change my behavior positively. Few days ago, I noticed two people fighting with each other. One of them had bumped his car into the other’s and the other person’s car was severe ly damaged. He had got out of his senses, and had immediately got into a violent verbal fight with him, that was at the verge of transforming into the physical fight, but I intervened. At the location, about fifty people had gathered in no time to observe the matter and had been standing there watching the heated verbal argument like a circus game. As soon as I caught glimpse of the sight, I instantly knew what feeling was holding them back and what I needed to do about it. I stepped ahead and came in between the two of them. One of them was holding a brick and was just about to throw it over the other person. I instantly took the brick from him, and tried to calm him down. Meanwhile, other people also started to approach and intervene. Probably, they were waiting for someone to take the initiative. I do not doubt their feelings of sympathy and humbleness, but it was certainly the â€Å"diffusion of responsibility† that was holding them back, as Tavris says in the article; â €Å"Most people do not behave badly because they are inherently bad. They behave badly because they aren't paying attention, or they leave it to Harry, or they don't want to rock the boat, or they don't want to embarrass themselves or others if they're wrong† (Tavris). However, â€Å"diffusion of responsibility† is not the only factor that holds people back in such situations. A